HTML
Living Standard — Last Updated 10 July 2025
Living Standard — Last Updated 10 July 2025
hidden attributecontenteditable content attributedesignMode getter and setterinputmode attributeenterkeyhint
attributeSupport in one engine only.
Support in all current engines.
All may have the hidden content attribute set. The attribute is an with the
following keywords and states:
| Keyword | State | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
hidden
| Hidden | Will not be rendered. |
| (the empty string) | ||
until-found
| Hidden Until Found | Will not be rendered, but content inside will be accessible to and . |
The attribute's missing value default is the Not Hidden state, and its invalid value default is the state.
When an element has the attribute in the state, it indicates that the element is not yet, or is no longer, directly relevant to the page's current state, or that it is being used to declare content to be reused by other parts of the page as opposed to being directly accessed by the user. User agents should not render elements that are in the state.
The requirement for user agents not to render elements that are in the state can be implemented indirectly through the style layer. For example, a web browser could implement these requirements using the rules suggested in the Rendering section.
When an element has the attribute in the state, it indicates that the element is hidden like the state but the content inside the element will be accessible to and . When these features attempt to scroll to a target which is in the element's subtree, the user agent will remove the attribute in order to reveal the content before scrolling to it by running the on the target node.
Web browsers will use 'content-visibility: hidden' instead of 'display: none' when the attribute is in the state, as specified in the Rendering section.
Because this attribute is typically implemented using CSS, it's also possible to override it using CSS. For instance, a rule that applies 'display: block' to all elements will cancel the effects of the state. Authors therefore have to take care when writing their style sheets to make sure that the attribute is still styled as expected. In addition, legacy user agents which don't support the state will have 'display: none' instead of 'content-visibility: hidden', so authors are encouraged to make sure that their style sheets don't change the 'display' or 'content-visibility' properties of elements.
Since elements with the attribute in the state use 'content-visibility: hidden' instead of 'display: none', there are two caveats of the state that make it different from the state:
The element needs to be affected by in order to be revealed by find-in-page. This means that if the element in the state has a 'display' value of 'none', 'contents', or 'inline', then the element will not be revealed by find-in-page.
The element will still have a when in the state, which means that borders, margin, and padding will still be rendered around the element.
In the following skeletal example, the attribute is used to hide the web game's main screen until the user logs in:
< h1 > The Example Game</ h1 >
< section id = "login" >
< h2 > Login</ h2 >
< form >
...
<!-- calls login() once the user's credentials have been checked -->
</ form >
< script >
function login() {
// switch screens
document. getElementById( 'login' ). hidden = true ;
document. getElementById( 'game' ). hidden = false ;
}
</ script >
</ section >
< section id = "game" hidden >
...
</ section > The attribute must not be used to hide content that could legitimately be shown in another presentation. For example, it is incorrect to use to hide panels in a tabbed dialog, because the tabbed interface is merely a kind of overflow presentation — one could equally well just show all the form controls in one big page with a scrollbar. It is similarly incorrect to use this attribute to hide content just from one presentation — if something is marked , it is hidden from all presentations, including, for instance, screen readers.
Elements that are not themselves must not
to elements that are . The for attributes of and elements that are not
themselves must similarly not refer to elements that are
. In both cases, such references would cause user
confusion.
Elements and scripts may, however, refer to elements that are in other contexts.
For example, it would be incorrect to use the attribute to link to a section marked with the attribute. If the content is not applicable or relevant, then there is no reason to link to it.
It would be fine, however, to use the ARIA . While hiding the descriptions implies that they are not useful alone, they could be written in such a way that they are useful in the specific context of being referenced from the elements that they describe.
Similarly, a element with the attribute could be used by a scripted graphics engine as an off-screen buffer, and a form control could refer to a hidden element using its attribute.
Elements in a section hidden by the attribute are still active, e.g. scripts and form controls in such sections still execute and submit respectively. Only their presentation to the user changes.
Support in all current engines.
The hidden getter steps
are:
If the attribute is in the state, then return "".
If the attribute is set, then return true.
Return false.
The setter steps are:
If the given value is a string that is an match for "", then set the attribute to "".
Otherwise, if the given value is false, then remove the attribute.
Otherwise, if the given value is the empty string, then remove the attribute.
Otherwise, if the given value is null, then remove the attribute.
Otherwise, if the given value is 0, then remove the attribute.
Otherwise, if the given value is NaN, then remove the attribute.
Otherwise, set the attribute to the empty string.
The ancestor hidden-until-found revealing algorithm is to run the following steps on currentNode:
While currentNode has a parent node within the :
If currentNode has the attribute in the state, then:
named at currentNode with the
Set currentNode to the parent node of currentNode within the .
A traversable navigable's system visibility state, including its initial value upon creation, is determined by the user agent. It represents, for example, whether the browser window is minimized, a browser tab is currently in the background, or a system element such as a task switcher obscures the page.
When a user agent determines that the system visibility state for traversable navigable traversable has changed to newState, it must run the following steps:
Let navigables be the inclusive descendant navigables of traversable's active document.
For each navigable of navigables in what order?:
Let document be navigable's active document.
Queue a global task on the user interaction task source given document's relevant global object to update the visibility state of document with newState.
A Document has a visibility state, which is
either "hidden" or "visible", initially set to
"hidden".
Support in all current engines.
The visibilityState getter steps are to return
this's visibility state.
Support in all current engines.
The hidden getter
steps are to return true if this's visibility state is
"hidden", otherwise false.
To update the visibility state of Document document to
visibilityState:
If document's visibility state equals visibilityState, then return.
Set document's visibility state to visibilityState.
Queue a new
VisibilityStateEntry whose
visibility state is
visibilityState and whose timestamp is
the current high resolution time given document's
relevant global object.
Run the screen orientation change steps with document. [SCREENORIENTATION]
Run the view transition page visibility change steps with document.
Run any page visibility change steps which may be defined in other specifications, with visibility state and document.
It would be better if specification authors sent a pull request to add calls from here into their specifications directly, instead of using the page visibility change steps hook, to ensure well-defined cross-specification call order. As of the time of this writing the following specifications are known to have page visibility change steps, which will be run in an unspecified order: Device Posture API and Web NFC. [DEVICEPOSTURE] [WEBNFC]
Fire an event named Support in one engine only. The Since hiding a page can cause throttling of rendering and other user-agent
operations, it is common to use visibility changes as an indication that such throttling has
occurred. However, other things could also cause throttling in different browsers, such as
long periods of inactivity. The The The The The The See also A node (in particular elements and text nodes) can be inert. When a node is
inert: Hit-testing must act as if the 'pointer-events' CSS property were set to
'none'. Text selection functionality must act as if the 'user-select' CSS property
were set to 'none'. If it is editable, the node behaves as if it were non-editable. The user agent should ignore the node for the purposes of find-in-page. Inert nodes generally cannot be focused, and user agents do not expose the inert
nodes to accessibility APIs or assistive technologies. Inert nodes that are commands will become inoperable to users, in the manner described
above. User agents may allow the user to override the restrictions on find-in-page and
text selection, however. By default, a node is not inert. A subject can additionally become inert via the The Support in all current engines. The An inert subtree should not contain any content or controls which are critical to
understanding or using aspects of the page which are not in the inert state. Content in an inert
subtree will not be perceivable by all users, or interactive. Authors should not specify elements
as inert unless the content they represent are also visually obscured in some way. In most cases,
authors should not specify the The following example shows how to mark partially loaded content, visually obscured by a
"loading" message, as inert. The "loading" overlay obscures the inert content, making it visually apparent that the inert
content is not presently accessible. Notice that the heading and "loading" text are not
descendants of the element with the By default, there is no persistent visual indication of an element or its subtree being
inert. Appropriate visual styles for such content is often context-dependent. For instance, an
inert off-screen navigation panel would not require a default style, as its off-screen position
visually obscures the content. Similarly, a modal However, for many other situations authors are strongly encouraged to clearly mark what parts
of their document are active and which are inert, to avoid user confusion. In particular, it is
worth remembering that not all users can see all parts of a page at once; for example, users of
screen readers, users on small devices or with magnifiers, and even users using particularly
small windows might not be able to see the active part of a page and might get frustrated if
inert sections are not obviously inert. Support in all current engines. The To prevent abuse of certain APIs that could be annoying to users (e.g., opening popups or
vibrating phones), user agents allow these APIs only when the user is actively interacting with
the web page or has interacted with the page at least once. This "active interaction" state is
maintained through the mechanisms defined in this section. For the purpose of tracking user activation, each A last activation timestamp, which is either a
A last history-action activation timestamp, which is either a
A user agent also defines a transient activation duration, which is a constant
number indicating how long a user activation is available for certain user activation-gated APIs (e.g., for opening popups). The transient activation duration is expected be at most a few
seconds, so that the user can possibly perceive the link between an interaction with the page and
the page calling the activation-gated API. We then have the following boolean user activation states for W: When the current high resolution time given W is greater than or
equal to the last activation timestamp in W, W is said to
have sticky activation. This is W's historical activation state, indicating whether the user has ever
interacted in W. It starts false, then changes to true (and never changes back to
false) when W gets the very first activation notification. When the current high resolution time given W is greater than or
equal to the last activation timestamp in W, and less than the
last activation timestamp in W plus the transient activation
duration, then W is said to have transient activation. This is W's current activation state, indicating whether the user has interacted
in W recently. This starts with a false value, and remains true for a limited time
after every activation notification W gets. The transient activation state is considered expired if it becomes false because the transient
activation duration time has elapsed since the last user activation. Note that it can
become false even before the expiry time through an activation consumption. When the last history-action activation timestamp of W is not equal
to the last activation timestamp of W, then W is said to have
history-action activation. This is a special variant of user activation, used to allow access to certain session history
APIs which, if used too frequently, would make it harder for the user to traverse back using browser UI. It starts with a false value, and becomes true whenever
the user interacts with W, but is reset to false through history-action activation consumption. This ensures such
APIs cannot be used multiple times in a row without an intervening user activation. But unlike
transient activation, there is no time limit within which such APIs must be
used. The last activation timestamp and last history-action
activation timestamp are retained even after the When a user interaction causes firing of an activation triggering input
event in a Assert: document is fully active. Let windows be « document's relevant global object
». Extend windows with the active window of each of document's ancestor
navigables. Extend windows with the active window of each of document's descendant
navigables, filtered to include only those navigables
whose active document's origin is same origin with
document's origin. For each window in windows: Set window's last activation timestamp to the current
high resolution time. Notify the close watcher manager about user activation given
window. An activation triggering input event is any event whose " " " " " Activation consuming APIs defined in this and
other specifications can consume user activation by performing the following
steps, given a If W's navigable is null, then
return. Let top be W's navigable's
top-level traversable. Let navigables be the inclusive descendant navigables of
top's active document. Let windows be the list of For each window in windows, if
window's last activation timestamp is not positive infinity, then set
window's last activation timestamp to negative infinity. History-action activation-consuming
APIs can consume history-action user activation by performing the following
steps, given a If W's navigable is null, then
return. Let top be W's navigable's
top-level traversable. Let navigables be the inclusive descendant navigables of
top's active document. Let windows be the list of For each window in windows, set
window's last history-action activation timestamp to window's
last activation timestamp. Note the asymmetry in the sets of browsing
contexts in the page that are affected by an activation notification vs an
activation consumption: an activation consumption
changes (to false) the transient activation states for all browsing contexts in the
page, but an activation notification changes (to true) the states for a subset of those browsing
contexts. The exhaustive nature of consumption here is deliberate: it prevents malicious sites
from making multiple calls to an activation consuming API from a single user
activation (possibly by exploiting a deep hierarchy of APIs that are dependent on user activation are classified into different levels: These APIs require the sticky activation state to be true, so they are
blocked until the very first user activation. These APIs require the transient activation state to be true, but they don't
consume it, so multiple calls are allowed per user
activation until the transient state expires. These APIs require the transient activation state to be true, and they
consume user activation in each call to prevent multiple calls per user
activation. These APIs require the history-action activation state to be true, and they
consume history-action user activation in each call to prevent multiple calls per
user activation. Each Returns whether the window has sticky activation. Returns whether the window has transient activation. The The The For the purposes of user-agent automation and application testing, this specification defines
the following extension command for the Web Driver specification. It is
optional for a user agent to support the following extension command.
[WEBDRIVER] The remote end steps are: Let window be the current
browsing context's active window. Let consume be true if window has transient activation;
otherwise false. If consume is true, then consume user activation of
window. Return success with data consume. Certain elements in HTML have an activation behavior, which means that the user
can activate them. This is always caused by a The user agent should allow the user to manually trigger elements that have an activation
behavior, for instance using keyboard or voice input, or through mouse clicks. When the
user triggers an element with a defined activation behavior in a manner other than
clicking it, the default action of the interaction event must be to fire a Support in all current engines. Acts as if the element was clicked. Each element has an associated click in progress flag, which is initially unset. The If this element is a form control that is disabled, then return. If this element's click in progress flag is set, then return. Set this element's click in progress flag. Fire a synthetic pointer event named Unset this element's click in progress flag. Support in all current engines. Support in all current engines. Set to " Set to " Set to the element which initiated the toggle, which can be set up with the Support in all current engines. Support in all current engines. The The A toggle task tracker is a struct which has: The The This section is non-normative. An HTML user interface typically consists of multiple interactive widgets, such as form
controls, scrollable regions, links, dialog boxes, browser tabs, and so forth. These widgets form
a hierarchy, with some (e.g. browser tabs, dialog boxes) containing others (e.g. links, form
controls). When interacting with an interface using a keyboard, key input is channeled from the system,
through the hierarchy of interactive widgets, to an active widget, which is said to be
focused. Consider an HTML application running in a browser tab running in a graphical environment.
Suppose this application had a page with some text controls and links, and was currently showing
a modal dialog, which itself had a text control and a button. The hierarchy of focusable widgets, in this scenario, would include the browser window, which
would have, amongst its children, the browser tab containing the HTML application. The tab itself
would have as its children the various links and text controls, as well as the dialog. The dialog
itself would have as its children the text control and the button. If the widget with focus in this example was the text control in
the dialog box, then key input would be channeled from the graphical system to ① the web
browser, then to ② the tab, then to ③ the dialog, and finally to ④ the text
control. Keyboard events are always targeted at this focused element. A top-level traversable has system focus when it can receive keyboard input channeled from the operating
system, possibly targeted at one of its active document's
descendant navigables. A top-level traversable has user attention
when its system visibility state is " User attention is lost when a browser window loses focus, whereas system focus
might also be lost to other system widgets in the browser window such as a location bar. A The term focusable area is used to refer to regions of the interface that can further become
the target of such keyboard input. Focusable areas can be elements, parts of elements, or other regions
managed by the user agent. Each focusable area has a DOM anchor, which is a The following table describes what objects can be focusable
areas. The cells in the left column describe objects that can be focusable areas; the cells in the right column describe the DOM
anchors for those elements. (The cells that span both columns are non-normative examples.) In the following example, the The controls in the user
interface for a The CSS 'overflow' property's 'scroll' value typically creates
a scrollable region. The contents of an A user agent could make all list item bullets sequentially
focusable, so that a user can more easily navigate lists. Similarly, a user agent could make all elements with A navigable container (e.g. an
One focusable area in each Even if a document is not fully active and not shown to the user, it
can still have a focused area of the document. If a document's fully
active state changes, its focused area of the document will stay the same. The currently focused area of
a top-level traversable traversable is the focusable area-or-null
returned by this algorithm: If traversable does not have system focus, then return
null. Let candidate be traversable's active
document. While candidate's focused
area is a navigable container with a non-null content
navigable: set candidate to the active
document of that navigable container's content
navigable. If candidate's focused area
is non-null, set candidate to candidate's focused area. Return candidate. The current focus chain of a
top-level traversable traversable is the focus chain of the currently focused area of
traversable, if traversable is non-null, or an empty list otherwise. An element that is the DOM anchor of a focusable area is said to
gain focus when that focusable area becomes the
currently focused area of a top-level traversable. When an element is the DOM
anchor of a focusable area of the currently focused area of a top-level
traversable, it is focused. The focus chain of a focusable area subject is the ordered
list constructed as follows: Let output be an empty list. Let currentObject be subject. While true: Append currentObject to
output. If currentObject is an Otherwise, if currentObject's DOM anchor is an element that is not
currentObject itself, then append
currentObject's DOM anchor to output. If currentObject is a focusable area, then set
currentObject to currentObject's DOM anchor's node
document. Otherwise, if currentObject is a Otherwise, break. Return output. The chain starts with subject and (if subject is or can be
the currently focused area of a top-level traversable) continues up the focus
hierarchy up to the All elements that are focusable areas are said to be
focusable. There are two special types of focusability for focusable
areas: A focusable area is said to be sequentially focusable if it is
included in its A focusable area is said to be click focusable if the user agent
determines that it is click focusable. User agents should consider focusable areas with non-null
tabindex values to be click focusable. Elements which are not focusable are not focusable areas, and thus not sequentially focusable and not click
focusable. Being focusable is a statement about whether an element can be focused
programmatically, e.g. via the The user agent might determine that an element is not sequentially focusable even
if it is focusable and is included in its Similarly, the user agent might determine that an element is not click focusable
even if it is focusable. For example, in some user agents, clicking on a
non-editable form control does not focus it, i.e. the user agent has determined that such
controls are not click focusable. Thus, an element can be focusable, but neither sequentially
focusable nor click focusable. For example, in some user agents, a
non-editable form-control with a negative-integer tabindex value would not be
focusable via user interaction, only via programmatic APIs. When a user activates a click focusable focusable
area, the user agent must run the focusing steps on the focusable
area with focus trigger set to " Note that focusing is not an activation behavior, i.e. calling the
A node is a focus navigation scope owner if it is a Each focus navigation scope owner has a focus navigation scope, which
is a list of elements. Its contents are determined as follows: Every element element has an associated focus navigation owner, which is
either null or a focus navigation scope owner. It is determined by the following
algorithm: If element's parent is null, then return null. If element's parent is a shadow host, then return
element's assigned slot. If element's parent is a shadow root, then return the parent's
host. If element's parent is the document element, then return the
parent's node document. If element is in the popover showing
state and has a popover invoker set, then return element's
popover invoker. Return element's parent's associated focus navigation owner. Then, the contents of a given focus navigation scope owner owner's
focus navigation scope are all elements whose associated focus navigation
owner is owner. The order of elements within a focus navigation scope does not impact
any of the algorithms in this specification. Ordering only becomes important for the
tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope and flattened tabindex-ordered focus
navigation scope concepts defined below. A tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope is a list of focusable areas and focus navigation
scope owners. Every focus navigation scope owner owner has
tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope, whose contents are determined as
follows: It contains all elements in owner's focus navigation scope that
are themselves focus navigation scope owners,
except the elements whose tabindex value is a negative integer. It contains all of the focusable areas whose
DOM anchor is an element in owner's focus navigation scope,
except the focusable areas whose tabindex value
is a negative integer. The order within a tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope is determined by each
element's tabindex value, as described in the section below. The rules there do not give a precise ordering, as they are composed mostly of
"should" statements and relative orderings. A flattened tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope is a list of focusable areas. Every focus navigation scope owner
owner owns a distinct flattened tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope,
whose contents are determined by the following algorithm: Let result be a clone of owner's
tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope. For each item of result: If item is not a focus navigation scope owner, then
continue. If item is not a focusable area, then replace item
with all of the items in item's flattened tabindex-ordered focus navigation
scope. Otherwise, insert the contents of item's flattened tabindex-ordered
focus navigation scope after item. Support in all current engines. The The name "tab index" comes from the common use of the Tab key to navigate through
the focusable elements. The term "tabbing" refers to moving forward through sequentially
focusable focusable areas. The Developers should use caution when using values other than 0 or −1 for their The following provides a non-normative summary of the behaviors of the
possible Note that the The tabindex value of an element is the value of its The tabindex value of a focusable area is the tabindex
value of its DOM anchor. The tabindex value of an element must be interpreted as follows: The user agent should follow platform conventions to determine if the element should be
considered as a focusable area and if so, whether the element and any focusable areas that have the element as their
DOM anchor are sequentially focusable, and if so, what their relative
position in their tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope is to be. If the element
is a focus navigation scope owner, it must be included in its
tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope even if it is not a focusable
area. The relative ordering within a tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope for
elements and focusable areas that belong to the same
focus navigation scope and whose tabindex value is null should be in
shadow-including tree order. Modulo platform conventions, it is suggested that the following elements should be considered
as focusable areas and be sequentially
focusable: The user agent must consider the element as a focusable area, but should omit
the element from any tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope. One valid reason to ignore the requirement that sequential focus navigation not
allow the author to lead to the element would be if the user's only mechanism for moving the
focus is sequential focus navigation. For instance, a keyboard-only user would be unable to
click on a text control with a negative The user agent must allow the element to be considered as a focusable area and
should allow the element and any focusable areas that have
the element as their DOM anchor to be sequentially focusable. The relative ordering within a tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope for
elements and focusable areas that belong to the same
focus navigation scope and whose tabindex value is zero should be in
shadow-including tree order. The user agent must allow the element to be considered as a focusable area and
should allow the element and any focusable areas that have
the element as their DOM anchor to be sequentially focusable, and
should place the element — referenced as candidate below — and the
aforementioned focusable areas in the
tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope where the element is a part of so that,
relative to other elements and focusable areas that belong
to the same focus navigation scope, they are: Support in all current engines. The The varying default value based on element type is a historical artifact. To get the focusable area for a focus target that is either an element
that is not a focusable area, or is a navigable, given an
optional string focus trigger (default " Return the shape corresponding to the first Return the element's first scrollable region, according to a pre-order, depth-first
traversal of the flat tree. [CSSSCOPING] Return the navigable's active
document. Return the navigable container's content navigable's active document. Let focusedElement be the currently focused area of a top-level
traversable's DOM anchor. If focus target is a shadow-including inclusive ancestor of
focusedElement, then return focusedElement. Return the focus delegate for focus target given focus
trigger. For sequential focusability, the
handling of shadow hosts and delegates focus is
done when constructing the sequential focus navigation order. That is, the
focusing steps will never be called on such shadow
hosts as part of sequential focus navigation. Return null. The focus delegate for a focusTarget, given an optional string
focusTrigger (default " If focusTarget is a shadow host and its shadow root's delegates focus is false,
then return null. Let whereToLook be focusTarget. If whereToLook is a shadow host, then set whereToLook
to whereToLook's shadow
root. Let autofocusDelegate be the autofocus delegate for
whereToLook given focusTrigger. If autofocusDelegate is not null, then return
autofocusDelegate. For each descendant of
whereToLook's descendants, in tree
order: Let focusableArea be null. If focusTarget is a Otherwise, if focusTarget is not a Otherwise, set focusableArea to the result of getting the focusable area for descendant given
focusTrigger. This step can end up recursing, i.e., the get the focusable area
steps might return the focus delegate of descendant. If focusableArea is not null, then return focusableArea. It's important that we are not looking at the shadow-including descendants here, but instead only
at the descendants. Shadow
hosts are instead handled by the recursive case mentioned above. Return null. The above algorithm essentially returns the first suitable focusable
area where the path between its DOM anchor and focusTarget
delegates focus at any shadow tree boundaries. The autofocus delegate for a focus target given a focus
trigger is given by the following steps: For each descendant descendant of focus target, in
tree order: If descendant does not have an Let focusable area be descendant, if descendant is a
focusable area; otherwise let focusable area be the result of getting the focusable area for descendant
given focus trigger. If focusable area is null, then continue. If focusable area is not click focusable and focus
trigger is " Return focusable area. Return null. The focusing steps for an object new focus target that is either a
focusable area, or an element that is not a focusable area, or a
navigable, are as follows. They can optionally be run with a fallback
target and a string focus trigger. If new focus target is not a focusable area, then set new
focus target to the result of getting the focusable
area for new focus target, given focus trigger if it was
passed. If new focus target is null, then: If no fallback target was specified, then return. Otherwise, set new focus target to the fallback
target. If new focus target is a navigable container with non-null
content navigable, then set new focus target to the content
navigable's active document. If new focus target is a focusable area and its DOM
anchor is inert, then return. If new focus target is the currently focused area of a top-level
traversable, then return. Let old chain be the current focus chain of the top-level traversable in which new focus
target finds itself. Let new chain be the focus chain of new
focus target. Run the focus update steps with old chain, new chain,
and new focus target respectively. User agents must immediately run the focusing steps for a
focusable area or navigable candidate whenever the
user attempts to move the focus to candidate. The unfocusing steps for an object old focus target that is
either a focusable area or an element that is not a focusable area are as
follows: If old focus target is a shadow host whose shadow root's delegates focus is true,
and old focus target's shadow root
is a shadow-including inclusive ancestor of the currently focused area of a
top-level traversable's DOM anchor, then set old focus target to
that currently focused area of a top-level traversable. If old focus target is inert, then return. If old focus target is an Let old chain be the current focus chain of the top-level traversable in which old focus
target finds itself. If old focus target is not one of the entries in old
chain, then return. If old focus target is not a focusable area, then return. Let topDocument be old chain's last entry. If topDocument's node navigable has system focus, then
run the focusing steps for topDocument's viewport. Otherwise, apply any relevant platform-specific conventions for removing system
focus from topDocument's node navigable, and run the focus
update steps given old chain, an empty list, and null. The unfocusing steps do not always result in the focus changing, even
when applied to the currently focused area of a top-level traversable. For
example, if the currently focused area of a top-level traversable is a
viewport, then it will usually keep its focus regardless until another
focusable area is explicitly focused with the focusing steps. The focus update steps, given an old chain, a new chain, and a new focus target respectively, are as
follows: If the last entry in old chain and the last entry in new chain are the same, pop the last entry from old chain
and the last entry from new chain and redo this step. For each entry entry in old chain, in order, run
these substeps: If entry is an Set entry's user validity to true. Fire an
event named If entry is an element, let blur event target be
entry. If entry is a Otherwise, let blur event target be null. If entry is the last entry in old chain, and
entry is an If blur event target is not null, fire a focus event
named In some cases, e.g., if entry is
an Apply any relevant platform-specific conventions for focusing new focus target.
(For example, some platforms select the contents of a text control when that control is
focused.) For each entry entry in new chain, in reverse
order, run these substeps: If entry is a focusable area, and the focused area of the
document is not entry: Set document's relevant global object's navigation API's focus changed during ongoing
navigation to true. Designate entry as the focused area of the document. If entry is an element, let focus event target be
entry. If entry is a Otherwise, let focus event target be null. If entry is the last entry in new chain, and
entry is an If focus event target is not null, fire a focus event
named In some cases, e.g. if entry is an To fire a focus event named e at an element t with a given
related target r, fire an event named
e at t, using When a key event is to be routed in a top-level traversable, the user agent must
run the following steps: Let target area be the currently focused area of the top-level traversable. Assert: target area is not null, since key events are only routed
to top-level traversables that have system
focus. Therefore, target area is a focusable area. Let target node be target area's DOM anchor. If target node is a Otherwise, if target node is a If target node is not inert, then: Let canHandle be the result of dispatching the key event at target
node. If canHandle is true, then let target area handle the key event.
This might include firing a The has focus steps, given a If target's node navigable's top-level
traversable does not have system focus, then return false. Let candidate be target's node navigable's top-level traversable's active document. While true: If candidate is target, then return true. If the focused area of
candidate is a navigable container with a non-null content
navigable, then set candidate to the active
document of that navigable container's content
navigable. Otherwise, return false. Each Per the rules defining the flattened tabindex-ordered focus navigation
scope, the ordering is not necessarily related to the tree order of the
If a focusable area is omitted from the sequential focus navigation
order of its There can also be a sequential focus navigation starting point. It is initially
unset. The user agent may set it when the user indicates that it should be moved. For example, the user agent could set it to the position of the user's click if
the user clicks on the document contents. User agents are required to set the sequential focus navigation starting
point to the target element when navigating
to a fragment. A sequential focus direction is one of two possible values: " A selection mechanism is one of two possible values: " When the user requests that focus move from the currently focused area of a top-level
traversable to the next or previous focusable area (e.g., as the default
action of pressing the tab key), or when the user requests that focus
sequentially move to a top-level traversable in the first place (e.g., from the
browser's location bar), the user agent must use the following algorithm: Let starting point be the currently focused area of a top-level
traversable, if the user requested to move focus sequentially from there, or else the
top-level traversable itself, if the user instead requested to move focus from
outside the top-level traversable. If there is a sequential focus navigation starting point defined and it is
inside starting point, then let starting point be the sequential
focus navigation starting point instead. Let direction be " Typically, pressing tab requests the next control, and
pressing shift + tab requests the previous control. Loop: Let selection mechanism be " Otherwise, starting point is not in its Let candidate be the result of running the sequential navigation search
algorithm with starting point, direction, and selection
mechanism. If candidate is not null, then run the focusing steps for
candidate and return. Otherwise, unset the sequential focus navigation starting point. If starting point is a top-level traversable, or a
focusable area in the top-level traversable, the user agent
should transfer focus to its own controls appropriately (if any), honouring
direction, and then return. For example, if direction is backward, then the last
sequentially focusable control before the browser's rendering area would be the
control to focus. If the user agent has no sequentially focusable controls — a kiosk-mode
browser, for instance — then the user agent may instead restart these steps with the
starting point being the top-level traversable itself. Otherwise, starting point is a focusable area in a child
navigable. Set starting point to that child navigable's parent and return to the step labeled loop. The sequential navigation search algorithm, given a focusable area
starting point, sequential focus direction direction, and
selection mechanism selection mechanism, consists of the following steps.
They return a focusable area-or-null. Pick the appropriate cell from the following table, and follow the instructions in that
cell. The appropriate cell is the one that is from the column whose header describes
direction and from the first row whose header describes starting point and
selection mechanism. Let candidate be the suitable sequentially focusable area, that
appears nearest after starting point in starting point's
In this case, starting point does not necessarily belong to its
A suitable sequentially focusable area is a focusable area whose
DOM anchor is not inert and is sequentially
focusable. If candidate is a navigable container with a non-null content
navigable, then: Let recursive candidate be the result of running the sequential
navigation search algorithm with candidate's content navigable,
direction, and " If recursive candidate is null, then return the result of running the
sequential navigation search algorithm with candidate,
direction, and selection mechanism. Otherwise, set candidate to recursive candidate. Return candidate. Support in all current engines. Support in all current engines. Returns the deepest element in documentOrShadowRoot through which or to which key
events are being routed. This is, roughly speaking, the focused element in the document. For the purposes of this API, when a child navigable is focused, its container is focused
within its parent's active
document. For example, if the user moves the focus to a text control in an
Similarly, when the focused element is in a different node tree than
documentOrShadowRoot, the element returned will be the host that's located in the same node
tree as documentOrShadowRoot if documentOrShadowRoot is a
shadow-including inclusive ancestor of the focused element, and null if not. Support in all current engines. Returns true if key events are being routed through or to document; otherwise,
returns false. Roughly speaking, this corresponds to document, or a document nested
inside document, being focused. Support in all current engines. Moves the focus to window's navigable, if
any. Support in all current engines. Moves the focus to element. If element is a navigable container, moves the focus to its
content navigable instead. By default, this method also scrolls element into view. Providing the By default, user agents use implementation-defined heuristics to determine
whether to indicate focus via a focus ring. Providing the Support in all current engines. Moves the focus to the viewport. Use of this method is discouraged; if you want
to focus the viewport, call the Do not use this method to hide the focus ring if you find the focus ring unsightly. Instead,
use the For example, to hide the outline from The Let candidate be this's node document's focused area's DOM anchor. Set candidate to the result of retargeting
candidate against this. If candidate is not a If candidate has a body element, then
return that body element. If candidate's document element is non-null, then return that
document element. Return null. The The If current is null, then return. If the allow focus steps given current's active document return false, then return. Run the focusing steps with current. If current is a top-level traversable, user agents are encouraged
to trigger some sort of notification to indicate to the user that the page is attempting to gain
focus. Support in all current engines. The Historically, the The If the allow focus steps given this's node document
return false, then return. Run the focusing steps for this. If options[" If options[" The The user agent should run the unfocusing steps given this. User agents may instead selectively or uniformly do nothing, for usability reasons. For example, if the The allow focus steps, given a If target is allowed to use the " If target's relevant global object has transient
activation, then return true. Return false. The When the The To find the nearest ancestor autofocus scoping root element given an
If element is a If element's Let ancestor be element. While ancestor has a parent element: Set ancestor to ancestor's parent element. If ancestor is a If ancestor's Return ancestor. There must not be two elements with the same nearest ancestor autofocus scoping root
element that both have the Each Each When an element with the If the user has indicated (for example, by starting to type in a form control) that they
do not wish focus to be changed, then optionally return. Let target be the element's node document. If target is not fully active, then return. If target's active sandboxing flag set has the
sandboxed automatic features browsing context flag, then return. If the allow focus steps given target return false, then
return. Let topDocument be target's node navigable's top-level traversable's active
document. If topDocument's autofocus processed flag is false, then
remove the element from topDocument's
autofocus candidates, and append the element to
topDocument's autofocus candidates. We do not check if an element is a focusable area before storing it
in the autofocus candidates list, because even if it is not a focusable area when it
is inserted, it could become one by the time flush autofocus candidates sees it. To flush autofocus candidates for a document topDocument, run these
steps: If topDocument's autofocus processed flag is true, then
return. Let candidates be topDocument's autofocus
candidates. If candidates is empty, then
return. If topDocument's focused area
is not topDocument itself, or topDocument has non-null
target element, then: Empty candidates. Set topDocument's autofocus processed flag to true. Return. While candidates is not empty: Let element be candidates[0]. Let doc be element's node document. If doc is not fully active, then
remove element from candidates, and
continue. If doc's node navigable's top-level
traversable is not the same as topDocument's node navigable,
then remove element from candidates,
and continue. If doc's script-blocking style sheet set is not empty, then return. In this case, element is the currently-best candidate, but
doc is not ready for autofocusing. We'll try again next time flush
autofocus candidates is called. Remove element from
candidates. Let inclusiveAncestorDocuments be a list consisting of the
active document of doc's inclusive
ancestor navigables. If any Let target be element. If target is not a focusable area, then set target to
the result of getting the focusable area for
target. Autofocus candidates can contain elements which are not focusable
areas. In addition to the special cases handled in the get the focusable
area algorithm, this can happen because a non-focusable area element with
an If target is not null, then: Empty candidates. Set topDocument's autofocus processed flag to true. Run the focusing steps for target. This handles the automatic focusing during document load. The Focusing the element does not imply that the user agent has to focus the browser
window if it has lost focus. Support in one engine only. The In the following snippet, the text control would be focused when
the document was loaded. The This section is non-normative. Each element that can be activated or focused can be assigned a single key combination to
activate it, using the The exact shortcut is determined by the user agent, based on information about the user's
keyboard, what keyboard shortcuts already exist on the platform, and what other shortcuts have
been specified on the page, using the information provided in the In order to ensure that a relevant keyboard shortcut is available on a wide variety of input
devices, the author can provide a number of alternatives in the Each alternative consists of a single character, such as a letter or digit. User agents can provide users with a list of the keyboard shortcuts, but authors are encouraged
to do so also. The In this example, an author has provided a button that can be invoked using a shortcut key. To
support full keyboards, the author has provided "C" as a possible key. To support devices
equipped only with numeric keypads, the author has provided "1" as another possible key. To tell the user what the shortcut key is, the author has this script here opted to explicitly
add the key combination to the button's label: Browsers on different platforms will show different labels, even for the same key combination,
based on the convention prevalent on that platform. For example, if the key combination is the
Control key, the Shift key, and the letter C, a Windows browser might display
"Ctrl+Shift+C", whereas a Mac browser might display "^⇧C", while
an Emacs browser might just display "C-C". Similarly, if the key combination is the
Alt key and the Escape key, Windows might use "Alt+Esc", Mac might use
"⌥⎋", and an Emacs browser might use "M-ESC" or
"ESC ESC". In general, therefore, it is unwise to attempt to parse the value returned from the Support in all current engines. All HTML elements may have the If specified, the value must be an ordered set of unique space-separated tokens
none of which are identical to another token and each of which must be exactly one
code point in length. In the following example, a variety of links are given with access keys so that keyboard users
familiar with the site can more quickly navigate to the relevant pages: In the following example, the search field is given two possible access keys, "s" and "0" (in
that order). A user agent on a device with a full keyboard might pick Ctrl +
Alt + S as the shortcut key, while a user agent on a small device
with just a numeric keypad might pick just the plain unadorned key 0: In the following example, a button has possible access keys described. A script then tries to
update the button's label to advertise the key combination the user agent selected. On one user agent, the button's label might become "Compose (⌘N)". On
another, it might become "Compose (Alt+⇧+1)". If the user agent doesn't
assign a key, it will be just "Compose". The exact string depends on what the
assigned access key is, and on how the user agent represents that key
combination. An element's assigned access key is a key combination derived from the element's
Whenever an element's If the element has no Otherwise, split the attribute's value
on ASCII whitespace, and let keys be the resulting tokens. For each value in keys in turn, in the order the tokens appeared in the
attribute's value, run the following substeps: If the value is not a string exactly one code point in length, then skip the remainder
of these steps for this value. If the value does not correspond to a key on the system's keyboard, then skip the
remainder of these steps for this value.
Fallback: Optionally, the user agent may assign a key combination of its choosing
as the element's assigned access key and then return. If this step is reached, the element has no assigned access key. Once a user agent has selected and assigned an access key for an element, the user agent should
not change the element's assigned access key unless the When the user presses the key combination corresponding to the assigned access key
for an element, if the element defines a command, the
command's facet is false (visible),
the command's Disabled State facet is also false
(enabled), the element is in a document that has a non-null browsing context, and neither the element nor any of its
ancestors has a attribute specified, then the user agent
must trigger the Action of the command. User agents might expose elements that have
an Support in all current engines. The The Support in all current engines. Global_attributes/contenteditable Support in all current engines. The The attribute's missing value default and invalid value default are both the Inherit state. The inherit state indicates that
the element is editable (or not) based on the parent element's state. For example, consider a page that has a When scripting is enabled, the Features to enable, e.g., inserting links, can be implemented using the The Returns " Can be set, to change that state. Throws a " Support in all current engines. Returns true if the element is editable; otherwise, returns false. The Support in all current engines. Returns " Can be set, to change the document's current state. This focuses the document and resets the
selection in that document. The The Let value be the given value, converted to ASCII
lowercase. If value is " Set this's design mode enabled to true. Reset this's active range's start and end boundary points to
be at the start of this. Run the focusing steps for this's document
element, if non-null. If value is " Authors are encouraged to set the 'white-space' property on editing hosts and on markup that was originally created through these editing
mechanisms to the value 'pre-wrap'. Default HTML whitespace handling is not well suited to WYSIWYG
editing, and line wrapping will not work correctly in some corner cases if
'white-space' is left at its default value. As an example of problems that occur if the default 'normal' value is used instead, consider
the case of the user typing "yellow␣␣ball", with two spaces (here
represented by "␣") between the words. With the editing rules in place for the default
value of 'white-space' ('normal'), the resulting markup will either consist of
"yellow ball" or "yellow ball"; i.e.,
there will be a non-breaking space between the two words in addition to the regular space. This
is necessary because the 'normal' value for 'white-space' requires adjacent regular
spaces to be collapsed together. In the former case, "yellow⍽" might wrap to the next line ("⍽"
being used here to represent a non-breaking space) even though "yellow" alone might
fit at the end of the line; in the latter case, "⍽ball", if wrapped to the
start of the line, would have visible indentation from the non-breaking space. When 'white-space' is set to 'pre-wrap', however, the editing rules will instead
simply put two regular spaces between the words, and should the two words be split at the end of
a line, the spaces would be neatly removed from the rendering. An editing host is either an HTML element
with its The definition of the terms , , and editing hosts or
editable, the
,
,
,
,
, and
methods, text selections, and the algorithm are defined in execCommand. [EXECCOMMAND] User agents can support the checking of spelling and grammar of editable text, either in form
controls (such as the value of For each element, user agents must establish a default
behavior, either through defaults or through preferences expressed by the user. There are
three possible default behaviors for each element: Support in all current engines. The The attribute's missing value default and invalid value default are both the Default state. The default state indicates that the
element is to act according to a default behavior, possibly based on the parent element's own
Returns true if the element is to have its spelling and grammar checked; otherwise, returns
false. Can be set, to override the default and set the The The On setting, if the new value is true, then the element's User agents should only consider the following pieces of text as checkable for the purposes of
this feature: For text that is part of a To determine if a word, sentence, or other piece of text in an applicable element (as defined
above) is to have spelling- and grammar-checking enabled, the UA must use the following
algorithm: If the checking is enabled for a word/sentence/text, the user agent should indicate spelling
and grammar errors in that text. User agents should take into account the other semantics given in
the document when suggesting spelling and grammar corrections. User agents may use the language of
the element to determine what spelling and grammar rules to use, or may use the user's preferred
language settings. UAs should use If checking is disabled, the user agent should not indicate spelling or grammar errors for that
text. The element with ID "a" in the following example would be the one used to determine if the
word "Hello" is checked for spelling errors. In this example, it would not be. The element with ID "b" in the following example would have checking enabled (the leading
space character in the attribute's value on the This specification does not define the user interface for spelling and grammar
checkers. A user agent could offer on-demand checking, could perform continuous checking while the
checking is enabled, or could use other interfaces. User agents offer writing suggestions as users type into editable regions, either in form
controls (e.g., the The The attribute's missing value default is the Default state. The default state indicates
that the element is to act according to a default behavior, possibly based on the parent
element's own The attribute's invalid value default is the True state. Returns " Can be set, to override the default and set the The computed writing suggestions value of a given element is
determined by running the following steps: If element's If element's Return " The Return this's computed writing suggestions value. The The Set this's User agents should only offer suggestions within an element's scope if the
result of running the following algorithm given element returns true: If the user has disabled writing suggestions, then return false. If none of the following conditions are true: element is an element is an editing host or is
editable, then return false. If element has an inclusive ancestor with a Otherwise, return true. This specification does not define the user interface for writing suggestions.
A user agent could offer on-demand suggestions, continuous suggestions as the user types, inline
suggestions, autofill-like suggestions in a popup, or could use other interfaces. Some methods of entering text, for example virtual keyboards on mobile devices, and also voice
input, often assist users by automatically capitalizing the first letter of sentences (when
composing text in a language with this convention). A virtual keyboard that implements
autocapitalization might automatically switch to showing uppercase letters (but allow the user to
toggle it back to lowercase) when a letter that should be autocapitalized is about to be typed.
Other types of input, for example voice input, may perform autocapitalization in a way that does
not give users an option to intervene first. The The The The The autocapitalization processing model is based on selecting among five
autocapitalization hints, defined as follows: The user agent and input method should make their own determination of whether or not to
enable autocapitalization. No autocapitalization should be applied (all letters should default to
lowercase). The first letter of each sentence should default to a capital letter; all other letters
should default to lowercase. The first letter of each word should default to a capital letter; all other letters should
default to lowercase. All letters should default to uppercase. Global_attributes/autocapitalize Support in all current engines. The The attribute's missing value default is the default state, and its invalid value default is the sentences
state.
Returns the current autocapitalization state for the element, or an empty string if it hasn't
been set. Note that for Can be set, to set the To compute the own autocapitalization hint of an element element, run the
following steps: If the If element is an autocapitalize-and-autocorrect inheriting
element and has a non-null form owner, return the own
autocapitalization hint of element's form owner. Return default. The Let state be the own autocapitalization hint of
this. If state is default, then return the
empty string. Return the keyword value corresponding to state. The User agents that support customizable autocapitalization behavior for a text input method and
wish to allow web developers to control this functionality should, during text input into an
element, compute the used autocapitalization hint for the element. This will be an
autocapitalization hint that describes the recommended autocapitalization behavior
for text input into the element. User agents or input methods may choose to ignore or override the used autocapitalization
hint in certain circumstances. The used autocapitalization hint for an element element is computed
using the following algorithm: If element is an If element is an If element is an editing host or an editable element,
then return the own autocapitalization hint of the editing host of
element. Assert: this step is never reached, since text input only occurs in elements
that meet one of the above criteria. Some methods of entering text assist users by automatically correcting misspelled words while
typing, a process also known as autocorrection. User agents can support autocorrection of editable
text, either in form controls (such as the value of The The The The attribute's invalid value default and missing value default are both the on state. The To compute the used autocorrection state of an element element, run these
steps: If element is an If the If element is an autocapitalize-and-autocorrect inheriting
element and has a non-null form owner, then return the state of
element's form owner's Return on. Returns the autocorrection behavior of the element. Note that for autocapitalize-and-autocorrect inheriting
elements that inherit their state from a Updates the The User agents can support the Support in all current engines. The Support in all current engines. The When User agents can support the Global_attributes/enterkeyhint Support in all current engines. The Support in all current engines. The When This section defines find-in-page — a common user-agent mechanism which allows users
to search through the contents of the page for particular information. Access to the find-in-page feature is provided via a find-in-page
interface. This is a user-agent provided user interface, which allows the user to specify
input and the parameters of the search. This interface can appear as a result of a shortcut or a
menu selection. A combination of text input and settings in the find-in-page interface represents
the user query. This typically includes the text that the user wants
to search for, as well as optional settings (e.g., the ability to restrict the search to whole
words only). The user-agent processes page contents for a given query, and
identifies zero or more matches, which are content ranges that
satisfy the user query. One of the matches is identified to the user as the active match. It is highlighted and scrolled into view. The user
can navigate through the matches by advancing the active match using the find-in-page interface. tracks
standardizing how find-in-page underlies the currently-unspecified When find-in-page begins searching for matches, all elements in the page
which do not have their attribute set should have the
of their second slot become accessible,
without modifying the attribute, in order to make
find-in-page able to search through it. Similarly, all HTML elements with the attribute in the state should have their become accessible without modifying the attribute in order to make find-in-page able to search through
them. After find-in-page finishes searching for matches, the elements and the
elements with the attribute in the state should have their contents
become skipped again. This entire process must happen synchronously (and so is not observable to
users or to author code). [CSSCONTAIN] When find-in-page chooses a new , perform
the following steps: Let node be the first node in the . on the given
node's to run the following steps: Run the on node. Run the on
node.
When find-in-page auto-expands a element like this, it will fire a event. As with the separate element, the page could listen to events instead of visibilitychange at
document, with its
6.2.1 The
VisibilityStateEntry interfaceFirefoxNoSafariNoChrome115+
Opera?Edge115+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?VisibilityStateEntry interface exposes visibility changes to the document,
from the moment the document becomes active.For example, this allows JavaScript code in the page to examine correlation
between visibility changes and paint timing:
[VisibilityStateEntry has an associated
DOMHighResTimeStamp
timestamp.VisibilityStateEntry has an associated "visible" or
"hidden" visibility
state.name getter steps are to return
this's visibility state.entryType getter steps are to return
"visibility-state".startTime getter steps are to return
this's timestamp.duration getter steps are to return
zero.6.3 Inert subtrees
inert for an explanation of the
attribute of the same name.6.3.1 Modal dialogs and inert subtrees
Document document is blocked by a modal dialog
subject if subject is the topmost dialog element in
document's top layer. While document is so blocked, every node
that is connected to document, with the exception of the
subject element and its flat tree descendants, must become
inert.inert attribute, but only if specified on subject itself
(i.e., subject escapes inertness of ancestors); subject's flat
tree descendants can become inert in a similar fashion.dialog element's showModal() method causes this mechanism to trigger, by adding the dialog element to its
node document's top layer.6.3.2 The
inert attributeFirefox112+Safari15.5+Chrome102+
Opera?Edge102+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?inert attribute is a boolean attribute that
indicates, by its presence, that the element and all its flat tree descendants which
don't otherwise escape inertness (such as modal dialogs) are to be made inert by the
user agent.inert attribute on individual form controls. In these
instances, the disabled attribute is probably more
appropriate.
inert attribute. This will ensure this text is
accessible to all users, while the inert content cannot be interacted with by anyone.
dialog element's backdrop will
serve as the means to visually obscure the inert content of the web page, rather than styling
the inert content specifically.Firefox112+Safari15.5+Chrome102+
Opera?Edge102+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?inert IDL attribute
must reflect the content attribute of the same name.6.4 Tracking user activation
6.4.1 Data model
Window W has two
relevant values:W has never been
activated), or negative infinity (indicating that the activation has been consumed). Initially positive infinity.
Document changes its
fully active status (e.g., after navigating away from a Document, or
navigating to a cached Document). This means sticky activation state
spans multiple navigations as long as the same Document gets reused. For the
transient activation state, the original expiry time
remains unchanged (i.e., the state still expires within the transient activation
duration limit from the original activation triggering input event). It is
important to consider this when deciding whether to base certain things off sticky
activation or transient activation.6.4.2 Processing model
Document document, the user agent must perform the
following activation notification steps before dispatching the event:
Esc key nor a shortcut key reserved by the user agent;mouse";mouse"; or
Window W:Window objects constructed by taking
the active window of each item in
navigables.Window W:Window objects constructed by taking
the active window of each item in
navigables.iframes).6.4.3 APIs gated by user activation
6.4.4 The
UserActivation interfaceFirefoxNoSafari16.4+Chrome72+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?Window has an associated UserActivation, which is a
UserActivation object. Upon creation of the Window object, its
associated UserActivation must be set to a new
UserActivation object created in the Window object's relevant realm.[navigator.userActivation.hasBeenActivenavigator.userActivation.isActiveFirefoxNoSafari16.4+Chrome72+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?userActivation getter steps are to return
this's relevant global object's associated
UserActivation.FirefoxNoSafari16.4+Chrome72+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?hasBeenActive getter steps are to return
true if this's relevant global object has sticky
activation, and false otherwise.FirefoxNoSafari16.4+Chrome72+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?isActive getter steps are to return true if
this's relevant global object has transient activation,
and false otherwise.6.4.5 User agent automation
HTTP Method URI Template ` POST`/session/{session id}/window/consume-user-activation6.5 Activation behavior of elements
click event at the element.element.click()Firefox3+Safari6+Chrome9+
Opera10.5+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer5.5+
Firefox Android4+Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android4.4+Samsung Internet1.0+Opera Android11+click() method must run
the following steps:not trusted flag set.6.5.1 The
ToggleEvent interfaceFirefox🔰 114+Safari17+Chrome114+
Opera?Edge114+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?Firefox🔰 114+Safari17+Chrome114+
Opera?Edge114+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?[event.oldStateclosed" when transitioning from closed to open, or set to
"open" when transitioning from open to closed.event.newStateopen" when transitioning from closed to open, or set to "closed" when transitioning from open to closed.event.sourcepopovertarget and commandfor attributes. If there is no source element,
then it is set to null.Firefox🔰 114+Safari17+Chrome114+
Opera?Edge114+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?Firefox🔰 114+Safari17+Chrome114+
Opera?Edge114+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?oldState and newState attributes must return the values they are
initialized to.source getter steps are to return the result of
retargeting source against this's
tracks how to better standardize associated event data in a way which makes sense on Events.
Currently an event attribute initialized to a value cannot also have a getter, and so an internal
slot (or map of additional fields) is required to properly specify this.ToggleEvent.oldState attribute.6.5.2 The
CommandEvent interface[command attribute must return the value it was
initialized to.source getter steps are to
return the result of retargeting source against this's
tracks how to better standardize associated event data in a way which makes sense on Events.
Currently an event attribute initialized to a value cannot also have a getter, and so an internal
slot (or map of additional fields) is required to properly specify this.6.6 Focus
6.6.1 Introduction
6.6.2 Data model
visible", and it either
has system focus or user agent widgets directly related to it can receive keyboard
input channeled from the operating system.Document d is a fully active descendant of
a top-level traversable with user attention when d is fully active
and d's node navigable's top-level
traversable has user attention.focusable area in the DOM. (When the focusable
area is itself a DOM anchor.) The DOM anchor is
used in some APIs as a substitute for the focusable area when there is no other DOM object
to represent the focusable area.Focusable area
DOM anchor
Examples
Elements that meet all the following criteria:
The element itself.
iframe, dialog, <input type=text>, sometimes <a
href=""> (depending on platform conventions).
The shapes of area elements in an image map associated with an
img element that is being rendered and is not inert.
The img element.
area element creates two shapes, one on each
image. The DOM anchor of the first shape is the first img element, and the
DOM anchor of the second shape is the second img element.
The user-agent provided subwidgets of elements that are being rendered and are not
actually disabled or inert.
The element for which the focusable area is a subwidget.
video element, the up and down buttons in a spin-control
version of <input type=number>, the part of a
details element's rendering that enables the element to be opened or closed using
keyboard input.
The scrollable regions of elements that are being rendered and are not
inert.
The element for which the box that the scrollable region scrolls was created.
The viewport of a Document that has a non-null browsing context and is not inert.
The Document for which the viewport was created.
iframe.
Any other element or part of an element determined by the user agent to be a focusable area,
especially to aid with accessibility or to better match platform conventions.
The element.
title attributes sequentially focusable, so that their
advisory information can be accessed.iframe) is a focusable area, but key events routed to a navigable
container get immediately routed to its content navigable's active document. Similarly, in sequential focus navigation a
navigable container essentially acts merely as a placeholder for its content
navigable's active document.
Document is designated the focused
area of the document. Which control is so designated changes over time, based on algorithms
in this specification.area element's shape, then append that area element to output.Document whose node
navigable's parent is non-null, then set
currentObject to currentObject's node navigable's parent.Document of the top-level traversable.Document's sequential focus navigation order and
the user agent determines that it is sequentially focusable.
focus() method or autofocus attribute. In contrast, sequentially
focusable and click focusable govern how the user agent responds to user
interaction: respectively, to sequential focus navigation and as
activation behavior.Document's sequential
focus navigation order, according to user preferences. For example, macOS users can set
the user agent to skip non-form control elements, or can skip links when doing sequential
focus navigation with just the Tab key (as opposed to using both the
Option and Tab keys).click".click() method on an element or dispatching a synthetic
Document, a
shadow host, a slot, or an element which is the popover
invoker of an element in the popover showing
state.6.6.3 The
tabindex attributeFirefox1.5+Safari4+Chrome1+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet ExplorerYes
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?tabindex
content attribute allows authors to make an element and regions that have the element as its
DOM anchor be focusable areas, allow or prevent
them from being sequentially focusable, and determine their relative ordering for
sequential focus navigation.tabindex attribute, if specified, must have a value
that is a valid integer. Positive numbers specify the relative position of the
element's focusable areas in the sequential focus
navigation order, and negative numbers indicate that the control is not
sequentially focusable.tabindex attributes as this is complicated to do correctly.
tabindex attribute values. The below
processing model gives the more precise rules.tabindex attribute value come later.tabindex attribute cannot be used to make
an element non-focusable. The only way a page author can do that is by disabling the element, or making it
inert.
tabindex attribute, parsed using the rules for parsing
integers. If parsing fails or the attribute is not specified, then the tabindex
value is null.a elements that have an href
attributebutton elementsinput elements whose type attribute are
not in the stateselect elementstextarea elementssummary elements that are the first summary element child of a
details elementdraggable attribute set, if that would
enable the user agent to allow the user to begin drag operations for those elements without
the use of a pointing devicetabindex, so that
user's user agent would be well justified in allowing the user to tab to the control
regardless.tabindex attribute has been omitted or whose value, when parsed,
returns an error,tabindex attribute has a value less than or equal to zero,tabindex attribute has a value greater than zero but less than
the value of the tabindex attribute on candidate,tabindex attribute has a value equal to the value of the tabindex attribute on candidate but that is
located earlier than candidate in shadow-including tree order,tabindex attribute has a value equal to the value of the tabindex attribute on candidate but that is
located later than candidate in shadow-including tree order, andtabindex attribute has a value greater than the value of the
tabindex attribute on candidate.Firefox1+Safari3.1+Chrome1+
Opera12.1+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)18Internet Explorer🔰 5.5+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android12.1+tabIndex IDL
attribute must reflect the value of the tabindex
content attribute. The default value is 0 if the element is an a,
area, button, frame, iframe,
input, object, select, textarea, or SVG
a element, or is a summary element that is a summary for
its parent details. The default value is −1 otherwise.6.6.4 Processing model
other"), run the first
matching set of steps from the following list:area element with one or more shapes that are
focusable areasimg element in tree
order that uses the image map to which the area element belongs.Documentother"), is given by the following steps:dialog element and descendant is
sequentially focusable, then set focusableArea to
descendant.dialog and
descendant is a focusable area, set focusableArea to
descendant.autofocus content attribute, then
continue.click", then continue.area element and one of its shapes is
the currently focused area of a top-level traversable, or, if old focus
target is an element with one or more scrollable regions, and one of them is the
currently focused area of a top-level traversable, then let old focus
target be that currently focused area of a top-level traversable.
input element, and the change event applies
to the element, and the element does not have a defined activation behavior, and
the user has changed the element's value or its list
of selected files while the control
was focused without committing that change (such that it is different to what it was when the
control was first focused), then:change at the element, with the
Document object, let blur event target be
that Document object's relevant global object.new
chain is also an related blur target
be the last entry in new chain. Otherwise, let related blur
target be null.blur at blur event target, with
related blur target as the related target.area element's shape, a scrollable region, or a viewport, no
event is fired.Document object, let focus event target be
that Document object's relevant global object.old
chain is also an related focus target
be the last entry in old chain. Otherwise, let related
focus target be null.focus at focus event target, with
related focus target as the related target.area
element's shape, a scrollable region, or a viewport, no event is fired.r,
the t's
node document's relevant global object, and the composed
flag set.
Document that has a body element, then let target node be the body
element of that Document.Document object that has a non-null
document element, then let target node be that document
element.click event at target node.
Document object target,
are as follows:6.6.5 Sequential focus navigation
Document has a sequential focus navigation order, which orders
some or all of the focusable areas in the
Document relative to each other. Its contents and ordering are given by the
flattened tabindex-ordered focus navigation scope of the Document.Document.Document, then it is unreachable via sequential focus
navigation.forward", or "backward". They are used in the below algorithms
to describe the direction in which sequential focus travels at the user's request.DOM", or
"sequential". They are used to
describe how the sequential navigation search algorithm finds the focusable
area it returns.forward" if the
user requested the next control, and "backward" if the user requested the previous
control.sequential" if starting point is a
navigable or if starting point is in its Document's
sequential focus navigation order.Document's sequential
focus navigation order; let selection mechanism be "DOM".
direction is " forward"
direction is " backward"
starting point is a navigable
Let candidate be the first suitable sequentially focusable area
in starting point's active document, if any; or
else null
Let candidate be the last suitable sequentially focusable area
in starting point's active document, if any; or
else null
selection mechanism is " DOM"
Document, in shadow-including tree order, if any; or else nullDocument's sequential focus navigation order, so we'll select the
suitable item from that list that comes after starting point in
shadow-including tree order.Let candidate be the suitable sequentially focusable area, that
appears nearest before starting point in starting point's
Document, in shadow-including tree order, if any; or else null
selection mechanism is " sequential"
Let candidate be the first suitable sequentially focusable area
after starting point, in starting point's Document's
sequential focus navigation order, if any; or else null
Let candidate be the last suitable sequentially focusable area
before starting point, in starting point's Document's
sequential focus navigation order, if any; or else null
sequential".6.6.6 Focus management APIs
documentOrShadowRoot.activeElementFirefox3+Safari4+Chrome2+
Opera12.1+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer6+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android37+Samsung Internet?Opera Android12.1+Firefox63+Safari10+Chrome53+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?iframe, the iframe is the element returned by the activeElement API in the
iframe's node document.document.hasFocus()Firefox3+Safari4+Chrome2+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer5.5+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android37+Samsung Internet?Opera Android?window.focus()Firefox1+Safari1+Chrome1+
Opera12.1+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer4+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android18+WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android12.1+element.focus()Firefox1.5+Safari3+Chrome1+
Opera8+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer5.5+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS1+Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android10.1+element.focus({ preventScroll, focusVisible })preventScroll option and setting it to true
prevents this behavior.focusVisible option and setting it to true will
ensure the focus ring is always visible.element.blur()Firefox1.5+Safari3+Chrome1+
Opera8+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer5.5+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS1+Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android10.1+focus() method on
the Document's document element.'outline'
property, and provide a different way to show what element is focused. Be aware that if an
alternative focusing style isn't made available, the page will be significantly less usable for
people who primarily navigate pages using a keyboard, or those with reduced vision who use focus
outlines to help them navigate the page.
textarea elements and instead use a
yellow background to indicate focus, you could use:DocumentOrShadowRoot activeElement getter steps are:Document object, then return
candidate.Document hasFocus() method steps are to return the result of
running the has focus steps given this.
Window focus() method steps are:Firefox1+Safari1+Chrome1+
Opera12.1+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer4+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android12.1+Window blur() method steps are to do nothing.focus() and blur() methods actually affected the system-level focus of the
system widget (e.g., tab or window) that contained the navigable, but hostile sites
widely abuse this behavior to the user's detriment.
HTMLOrSVGElement focus(options) method steps are:focusVisible"] is true, or does not exist but in an implementation-defined way the user agent
determines it would be best to do so, then indicate focus.preventScroll"] is false, then scroll
a target into view given this, "auto", "center", and "center".HTMLOrSVGElement blur() method steps are:blur() method is unwisely
being used to remove the focus ring for aesthetics reasons, the page would become unusable by
keyboard users. Ignoring calls to this method would thus allow keyboard users to interact with the
page.
Document object
target, are:focus-without-user-activation" feature,
then return true.6.6.7 The
autofocus attributeautofocus
content attribute allows the author to indicate that an element is to be focused as soon as the
page is loaded, allowing the user to just start typing without having to manually focus the main
element.autofocus attribute is specified on an element
inside dialog elements or HTML elements whose popover attribute is set, then it will be focused when the dialog or
popover becomes shown.autofocus attribute is a boolean
attribute.element:dialog element, then return
element.popover attribute is not in the
No Popover state, then return
element.dialog element, then return
ancestor.popover attribute is not in
the No Popover state, then return
ancestor.autofocus attribute
specified.Document has an autofocus candidates list,
initially empty.Document has an autofocus processed flag boolean, initially
false.autofocus attribute specified
is inserted into a document, run the
following steps:Document in inclusiveAncestorDocuments has non-null
target element, then continue.autofocus attribute was inserted into a document and it never became focusable, or
because the element was focusable but its status changed while it was stored in
autofocus candidates.show() and showModal()
methods of dialog elements also processes the autofocus attribute.Firefox🔰 1+Safari🔰 4+Chrome79+
Opera66+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)NoInternet Explorer🔰 10+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android79+Samsung Internet?Opera Android57+autofocus IDL attribute must reflect the
content attribute of the same name.
autofocus attribute applies to all elements, not
just to form controls. This allows examples such as the following:6.7 Assigning keyboard shortcuts
6.7.1 Introduction
accesskey attribute.accesskey attribute as a guide.accesskey attribute.accessKeyLabel IDL attribute returns a
string representing the actual key combination assigned by the user agent.
accessKeyLabel IDL attribute.6.7.2 The
accesskey
attributeFirefox1+Safari4+Chrome1+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet ExplorerYes
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?accesskey
content attribute set. The accesskey attribute's value is used
by the user agent as a guide for creating a keyboard shortcut that activates or focuses the
element.
6.7.3 Processing
model
accesskey content attribute. Initially, an element must not
have an assigned access key.accesskey attribute is set, changed,
or removed, the user agent must update the element's assigned access key by running
the following steps:accesskey attribute, then skip
to the fallback step below.
If the user agent can find a mix of zero or more modifier keys that, combined with the key that
corresponds to the value given in the attribute, can be used as the access key, then the user
agent may assign that combination of keys as the element's assigned access key and
return.
accesskey content attribute is changed or the element is moved to
another Document.accesskey attribute in other ways as well, e.g. in a menu
displayed in response to a specific key combination.
Firefox5+Safari6+Chrome17+
Opera12.1+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer5.5+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android12.1+accessKey IDL
attribute must reflect the accesskey content
attribute.Firefox8+Safari14+ChromeNo
Opera?EdgeNo
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?accessKeyLabel IDL attribute must return a string that
represents the element's assigned access key, if any. If the element does not have
one, then the IDL attribute must return the empty string.6.8 Editing
6.8.1 Making document regions editable: The
contenteditable content attributeFirefox3+Safari3+Chrome1+
Opera9+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer5.5+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS1+Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android10.1+Firefox3+Safari4+Chrome1+
Opera9+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer5.5+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?contenteditable content attribute is an
enumerated attribute with the following keywords and states:Keyword
State
Brief description
true
True
The element is editable.
(the empty string)
false
False
The element is not editable.
plaintext-only
Plaintext-Only
Only the element's raw text content is editable; rich formatting is disabled.
form and a textarea to
publish a new article, where the user is expected to write the article using HTML:textarea element could be replaced with a rich
text control instead, using the contenteditable
attribute: API, or using
[EXECCOMMAND] [SELECTION]
[DOM]
contenteditable attribute can also be used to
great effect:element.contentEditable [ = value ]true", "plaintext-only", "false", or "inherit",
based on the state of the contenteditable
attribute.SyntaxError"
element.isContentEditableFirefox4+Safari3+Chrome1+
Opera12.1+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer5.5+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS1+Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android12.1+contentEditable IDL attribute, on getting, must return
the string "true" if the content attribute is set to the True state, "plaintext-only" if the content attribute is set to the Plaintext-Only state, "false" if the content attribute is set to the False state, and "inherit" otherwise. On setting, if the new
value is an ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "inherit", then the content attribute must be removed, if the new value is an
ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "true", then the
content attribute must be set to the string "true", if the new value is an
ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "plaintext-only",
then the content attribute must be set to the string "plaintext-only", if
the new value is an ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "false", then the content attribute must be set to the string "false", and otherwise the attribute setter must throw a
"SyntaxError" The isContentEditable IDL attribute, on getting, must
return true if the element is either an editing host or editable, and
false otherwise.6.8.2 Making entire documents
editable: the
designMode getter and setterdocument.designMode [ = value ]Firefox1+Safari1.2+Chrome1+
Opera9+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer4+
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android10.1+on" if the document is editable, and "off" if it isn't.Document objects have an associated design mode enabled, which is a
boolean. It is initially false.designMode getter steps are to return "on" if this's design mode enabled is true; otherwise
"off".designMode setter steps are:on" and this's design mode
enabled is false, then:off", then set this's
design mode enabled to false.6.8.3 Best practices for in-page editors
6.8.4 Editing APIs
contenteditable attribute in the true
state or plaintext-only state, or a child HTML element of a Document whose design mode
enabled is true.6.8.5 Spelling and grammar checking
textarea elements), or in elements in an editing
host (e.g. using contenteditable).spellcheck attribute.
spellcheck attribute.
FirefoxYesSafariYesChrome9+
OperaYesEdge79+
Edge (Legacy)12+Internet Explorer11
Firefox Android57+Safari iOS9.3+Chrome Android47+WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android37+spellcheck
attribute is an enumerated attribute with the following keywords and states:Keyword
State
Brief description
true
True
Spelling and grammar will be checked.
(the empty string)
false
False
Spelling and grammar will not be checked.
spellcheck state, as defined below.
element.spellcheck [ = value ]spellcheck content attribute.spellcheck IDL
attribute, on getting, must return true if the element's spellcheck content attribute is in the True state, or if the element's spellcheck content attribute is in the Default state and the element's default behavior is true-by-default, or if the element's spellcheck content attribute is in the Default state and the element's default behavior is inherit-by-default and the element's parent
element's spellcheck IDL attribute would return true;
otherwise, if none of those conditions applies, then the attribute must instead return false.spellcheck IDL attribute is not affected
by user preferences that override the spellcheck content
attribute, and therefore might not reflect the actual spellchecking state.spellcheck content attribute must be set to
"true", otherwise it must be set to "false".
input elements whose type attributes are in the Text, Search,
URL, or Email states and that are mutable (i.e. that do not have the readonly attribute specified and that are not disabled).textarea elements that do not
have a readonly attribute and that are not disabled.editing
hosts or editable elements.input and textarea elements, it is the element itself.spellcheck content attribute, then: if that attribute is in the
True state, then checking is enabled; otherwise, if that attribute is in the False
state, then checking is disabled.spellcheck content attribute that is not in the Default
state, then: if the nearest such ancestor's spellcheck
content attribute is in the True state, then
checking is enabled; otherwise, checking is disabled.input element attributes such as pattern to ensure that the resulting value is valid, where
possible.
input element causes the attribute
to be ignored, so the ancestor's value is used instead, regardless of the default).6.8.6 Writing suggestions
textarea element) or in elements in an editing host.writingsuggestions content attribute is an
enumerated attribute with the following keywords and states:Keyword
State
Brief description
true
True
Writing suggestions should be offered on this element.
(the empty string)
false
False
Writing suggestions should not be offered on this element.
writingsuggestions state, as defined
below.element.writingSuggestions [ = value ]true" if the user agent is to offer writing suggestions under
the scope of the element; otherwise, returns "false".
writingsuggestions content attribute.writingsuggestions
content attribute is in the False
state, return "false".writingsuggestions content attribute is in the Default state, element has a
parent element, and the computed writing suggestions value of
element's parent element is "false", then return
"false".true".writingSuggestions getter steps are:writingSuggestions IDL
attribute is not affected by user preferences that override the writingsuggestions content attribute, and therefore
might not reflect the actual writing suggestions state.writingSuggestions setter steps are:writingsuggestions
content attribute to the given value.
input element whose type attribute is in either the Text, Search, Telephone, URL,
or Email state and is mutable;writingsuggestions content attribute that's not in the
Default and the nearest such
ancestor's writingsuggestions content attribute is
in the False state, then return
false.6.8.7 Autocapitalization
autocapitalize attribute allows authors to control such
behavior.autocapitalize attribute, as typically
implemented, does not affect behavior when typing on a physical keyboard. (For this reason, as
well as the ability for users to override the autocapitalization behavior in some cases or edit
the text after initial input, the attribute must not be relied on for any sort of input
validation.)autocapitalize attribute can be used on an editing host to control autocapitalization behavior for the hosted
editable region, on an input or textarea element to control the behavior
for inputting text into that element, or on a form element to control the default
behavior for all autocapitalize-and-autocorrect inheriting
elements associated with the form element.
autocapitalize attribute never causes
autocapitalization to be enabled for input elements whose type attribute is in one of the URL, Email, or Password states. (This behavior is included
in the used autocapitalization hint algorithm
below.)Firefox111+SafariNoChrome43+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet Explorer?
Firefox Android?Safari iOS5+Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?autocapitalize attribute is an enumerated
attribute whose states are the possible autocapitalization hints. The autocapitalization hint specified by the
attribute's state combines with other considerations to form the used autocapitalization
hint, which informs the behavior of the user agent. The keywords for this attribute and
their state mappings are as follows: Keyword
State
off
none
none
on
sentences
sentences
words
words
characters
characters
element.autocapitalize [ = value ]input and textarea elements that inherit their
state from a form element, this will return the autocapitalization state of the
form element, but for an element in an editable region, this will not return the
autocapitalization state of the editing host (unless this element is, in fact, the editing
host).autocapitalize content
attribute (and thereby change the autocapitalization behavior for the element).autocapitalize content attribute is
present on element, and its value is not the empty string, return the state of the
attribute.autocapitalize getter steps are to:autocapitalize setter steps are to set the autocapitalize content attribute to the given value.
input element whose type attribute is in one of the URL, Email, or
Password states, then return default.input element or a textarea element,
then return element's own autocapitalization hint.6.8.8 Autocorrection
textarea elements), or in
elements in an editing host (e.g., using contenteditable). Autocorrection may be accompanied by user
interfaces indicating that text is about to be autocorrected or has been autocorrected, and is
commonly performed when inserting punctuation characters, spaces, or new paragraphs after
misspelled words. The autocorrect attribute allows authors
to control such behavior.autocorrect attribute can be used on an editing host
to control autocorrection behavior for the hosted editable region, on an input or
textarea element to control the behavior when inserting text into that element, or on
a form element to control the default behavior for all autocapitalize-and-autocorrect inheriting
elements associated with the form element.autocorrect attribute never causes autocorrection to
be enabled for input elements whose type
attribute is in one of the URL, Email, or Password states. (This behavior is included
in the used autocorrection state algorithm below.)autocorrect attribute is an enumerated attribute with the
following keywords and states:Keyword
State
Brief description
on
on
The user agent is permitted to automatically correct spelling errors while the user types.
Whether spelling is automatically corrected while typing left is for the user agent to decide,
and may depend on the element as well as the user's preferences.
(the empty string)
off
off
The user agent is not allowed to automatically correct spelling while the user types.
autocorrect
getter steps are: return true if the element's used autocorrection state is on and false if the element's used autocorrection
state is off. The setter steps are: if the
given value is true, then the element's autocorrect
attribute must be set to "on"; otherwise it must be set to "off".input element whose type attribute is in one of the URL, Email, or
Password states, then return off.autocorrect content attribute is present on
element, then return the state of the attribute.autocorrect
attribute.autocorrectform element, this will return the
autocorrection behavior of the form element, but for an element in an editable
region, this will not return the autocorrection behavior of the editing host (unless
this element is, in fact, the editing host).autocorrect =
valueautocorrect content attribute (and
thereby changes the autocorrection behavior of the element).
input element in the following example would not allow autocorrection, since
it does not have an autocorrect content attribute and
therefore inherits from the form element, which has an attribute of "off". However, the textarea element would allow
autocorrection, since it has an autocorrect content
attribute with a value of "on".6.8.9 Input modalities: the
inputmode attributeinputmode attribute on form
controls (such as the value of textarea elements), or in elements in an editing
host (e.g., using contenteditable).Firefox95+SafariNoChrome66+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android79+Safari iOS12.2+Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?inputmode
content attribute is an enumerated attribute that specifies what kind of input
mechanism would be most helpful for users entering content. Keyword
Description
none
The user agent should not display a virtual keyboard. This keyword is useful for content
that renders its own keyboard control.
text
The user agent should display a virtual keyboard capable of text input in the user's locale.
tel
The user agent should display a virtual keyboard capable of telephone number input. This
should including keys for the digits 0 to 9, the "#" character, and the "*" character. In some
locales, this can also include alphabetic mnemonic labels (e.g., in the US, the key labeled
"2" is historically also labeled with the letters A, B, and C).
url
The user agent should display a virtual keyboard capable of text input in the user's locale,
with keys for aiding in the input of URLs, such as that for the "/"
and "." characters and for quick input of strings commonly found in domain names such as
"www." or ".com".
email
The user agent should display a virtual keyboard capable of text input in the user's locale,
with keys for aiding in the input of email addresses, such as that for the "@" character
and the "." character.
numeric
The user agent should display a virtual keyboard capable of numeric input. This keyword
is useful for PIN entry.
decimal
The user agent should display a virtual keyboard capable of fractional numeric input.
Numeric keys and the format separator for the locale should be shown.
search
The user agent should display a virtual keyboard optimized for search.
Firefox95+Safari12.1+Chrome66+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android79+Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?inputMode IDL attribute must reflect the inputmode content attribute, limited to only known
values.inputmode is unspecified (or is in a state not
supported by the user agent), the user agent should determine the default virtual keyboard to be
shown. Contextual information such as the input type or
pattern attributes should be used to determine which type
of virtual keyboard should be presented to the user.6.8.10 Input modalities: the
enterkeyhint
attributeenterkeyhint
attribute on form controls (such as the value of textarea elements), or in elements
in an editing host (e.g., using contenteditable).Firefox94+Safari13.1+Chrome77+
Opera66+Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android57+enterkeyhint content attribute is an enumerated
attribute that specifies what action label (or icon) to present for the enter key on
virtual keyboards. This allows authors to customize the presentation of the enter key in order to
make it more helpful for users. Keyword
Description
enter
The user agent should present a cue for the operation 'enter', typically
inserting a new line.
done
The user agent should present a cue for the operation 'done', typically
meaning there is nothing more to input and the input method editor (IME)
will be closed.
go
The user agent should present a cue for the operation 'go', typically
meaning to take the user to the target of the text they typed.
next
The user agent should present a cue for the operation 'next', typically
taking the user to the next field that will accept text.
previous
The user agent should present a cue for the operation 'previous', typically
taking the user to the previous field that will accept text.
search
The user agent should present a cue for the operation 'search', typically
taking the user to the results of searching for the text they have typed.
send
The user agent should present a cue for the operation 'send', typically
delivering the text to its target.
Firefox94+Safari13.1+Chrome77+
Opera?Edge79+
Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo
Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?enterKeyHint IDL attribute must reflect the
enterkeyhint content attribute, limited to only
known values.enterkeyhint is unspecified (or is in a state not
supported by the user agent), the user agent should determine the default action label (or icon)
to present. Contextual information such as the inputmode,
type, or pattern
attributes should be used to determine which action label (or icon) to present on the virtual
keyboard.6.9 Find-in-page
6.9.1 Introduction
window.find() API.6.9.2 Interaction with and